In the 20th century African American's living in the United States experienced an era of segregation that separated them socially, politically, and economically from the white citizens. The Civil Rights Bill was first proposed by President Lyndon B. Johnson as well as the issuing of the Voting Rights Act, which outlawed literacy tests for African Americans. In more attempts to end segregation, Race Riots, Malcolm X's influence, and the Black Panther Party all commenced. By 1975 129 countries gave women the right to vote, although they were not treated equally in means of education and pay. Margaret Thatcher was the first woman elected head of state in Europe, following with Indira Ghandi as the first Female president in India. Both elections were steps closer to equalizing women's rights. With the introduction of birth control, women gained the right of choice, whether or not they wanted to be a mother and when. Next came the issue of equal pay for women, with the solution of more women entering politics.
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